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These cognates or in other ways related words are excluded from this list.ĭutch expressions have been incorporated into English usage for many reasons and in different periods in time. Because of their close common relationship - in addition to the large Latin and French vocabulary both languages possess - many English words are essentially identical to their Dutch lexical counterparts, either in spelling ( plant, begin, fruit), pronunciation ( pool = pole, boek = book, diep = deep), or both ( offer, hard, lip) or as false friends ( ramp = disaster, roof = robbery, mop = joke). Their relationship however, has been obscured by the lexical influence of Old Norse as a consequence of Viking expansion from the 9th till the 11th century, and Norman French, as a consequence of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. For example, the oe in koekje or koekie becomes oo in cookie, the ij (considered a vowel in Dutch) and the ui in vrijbuiter becomes ee and oo in freebooter, the aa in baas becomes o in boss, the oo in stoof becomes o in stove.Īs languages, English and Dutch are both West Germanic, and descend further back from the common ancestor language Proto-Germanic. But typically, English spellings of Dutch loanwords suppress combinations of vowels of the original word which do not exist in English and replace them with existing vowel combinations respectively. Some English words have been borrowed directly from Dutch.

In many cases the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its Dutch forebear. Williams in Origins of the English Language it is estimated that about 1% of English words are of Dutch origin. This is an incomplete list of Dutch expressions used in English some are relatively common (e.g. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.

After effects wiggle expression exclude z